Generators

Generators sune na'urori masu canza wasu nau'ikan makamashi zuwa makamashin lantarki. A 1832, Bafaranshe Bixi ya ƙirƙira janareta.

Na'urar janareta tana da na'ura mai juyi da kuma stator. Rotor yana cikin tsakiyar rami na stator. Yana da sandunan maganadisu akan rotor don samar da filin maganadisu. Yayin da babban mai motsi ke motsa rotor don juyawa, ana canja wurin makamashin injina. Sandunan maganadisu na rotor suna jujjuya cikin sauri tare da na'ura mai juyi, yana haifar da filin maganadisu don yin hulɗa tare da iskar stator. Wannan hulɗar tana haifar da filin maganadisu don yanke ƙetaren madugu na iskar gas, yana haifar da ƙarfin lantarki da aka jawo, kuma ta haka yana mai da makamashin inji zuwa makamashin lantarki. An raba janareta zuwa na'urori na DC da na'urorin AC, waɗanda ake amfani da su sosai wajen samar da masana'antu da noma, tsaron ƙasa, kimiyya da fasaha, da rayuwar yau da kullun.

Siffofin tsari

Generators yawanci sun ƙunshi stator, rotor, iyakoki na ƙarshe da bearings.

The stator ya ƙunshi stator core, waya windings, firam, da sauran tsarin sassa masu gyara wadannan sassa.

Na'ura mai jujjuyawar ta ƙunshi core na rotor (ko Magnetic sandal, Magnetic choke) iska, zoben gadi, zoben tsakiya, zoben zamewa, fan da rotor shaft da sauran abubuwan da aka gyara.

Ana haɗa stator da rotor na janareta kuma ana haɗa su ta hanyar bearings da caps na ƙarshe, ta yadda rotor zai iya jujjuya a cikin stator kuma yayi motsi na yanke layukan maganadisu na ƙarfi, ta haka ne ke haifar da ƙarfin lantarki da aka jawo, wanda aka fitar da shi ta cikin tashoshi kuma a haɗa shi da kewaye, sannan kuma wutar lantarki ta haifar.

Siffofin Aiki

Ayyukan janareta na aiki tare ana siffanta shi da rashin kaya da halaye na aiki. Waɗannan halaye sune mahimman tushe ga masu amfani don zaɓar masu janareta.

Halayen No-loading:Lokacin da janareta ke aiki ba tare da kaya ba, ƙarfin wutan lantarki ba shi da sifili, yanayin da aka sani da aiki na buɗe ido. A wannan lokacin, iska mai hawa uku na stator motor kawai yana da ƙarfin wutar lantarki mara-nauyi E0 (daidaituwar mataki uku) wanda motsin halin yanzu ya jawo idan, kuma girmansa yana ƙaruwa tare da haɓakar If. Duk da haka, su biyun ba su daidaita ba saboda madaidaicin madaurin maganadisu na motsi. Lanƙwan da ke nuna alaƙar da ke tsakanin ƙarfin lantarki mara-nauyi E0 da tashin hankali na halin yanzu Idan ana kiran sifofin rashin ɗaukar nauyi na janareta na aiki tare.

Maganganun Armature:Lokacin da aka haɗa janareta zuwa ma'auni na ma'auni, ƙarfin lokaci uku a cikin iskar armature yana haifar da wani filin maganadisu mai juyawa, wanda ake kira filin amsawar armature. Gudun sa daidai yake da na rotor, kuma su biyun suna jujjuya aiki tare.

Dukansu filin amsawar hannu na na'ura mai haɗawa tare da filin motsa jiki na rotor ana iya ƙididdige su kamar yadda ake rarraba su bisa ga dokar sinusoidal. Bambanci tsakanin su na sararin samaniya ya dogara ne akan bambancin lokaci tsakanin ƙarfin lantarki na no-load E0 da armature halin yanzu I. Bugu da ƙari, filin amsawar armature yana da alaƙa da yanayin kaya. Lokacin da nauyin janareta ya zama inductive, filin amsawar armature yana da tasiri mai lalacewa, wanda zai haifar da raguwa a cikin wutar lantarki. Sabanin haka, lokacin da nauyin ya kasance capacitive, filin amsawar armature yana da tasirin maganadisu, wanda ke ƙara ƙarfin fitarwa na janareta.

Halayen aikin lodi:Yana nufin halayen waje da halayen daidaitawa. Halin da ke waje yana kwatanta dangantakar dake tsakanin wutar lantarki ta janareta U da nauyin nauyin I, wanda aka ba da saurin ƙididdiga na yau da kullum, halin yanzu mai ban sha'awa, da kuma nauyin wutar lantarki. Siffar daidaitawa tana kwatanta alaƙar da ke tsakanin tashin hankali na halin yanzu Idan da nauyin nauyi na yanzu I, wanda aka ba da saurin ƙididdigewa mai ƙima, wutar lantarki ta ƙarshe, da ma'aunin wutar lantarki.

Adadin bambancin wutar lantarki na janareta na aiki tare yana kusan 20-40%. Na yau da kullun masana'antu da lodin gida suna buƙatar ingantacciyar wutar lantarki. Sabili da haka, dole ne a daidaita yanayin motsa jiki yadda ya kamata yayin da nauyin kaya ya karu. Ko da yake sauye-sauyen yanayin ƙa'idar shine akasin halayen waje, yana ƙaruwa don inductive kuma masu tsayayya zalla, yayin da yake raguwa gabaɗaya don nauyin capacitive.

Ƙa'idar Aiki

Diesel Generator

Injin dizal yana sarrafa janareta, yana mai da makamashi daga man dizal zuwa makamashin lantarki. A cikin silinda na injin dizal, iska mai tsafta, mai tacewa ta hanyar tace iska, tana gauraya sosai da man dizal mai matsananciyar atomized da allurar mai. Yayin da fistan ke motsawa sama, yana matsawa cakuɗaɗɗen, ƙarar sa yana raguwa kuma zafin jiki yana ƙaruwa da sauri har sai ya isa wurin kunna wutan man dizal. Wannan yana kunna man dizal, wanda ke haifar da cakudewar ta konewa da ƙarfi. Saurin faɗaɗa iskar gas sannan yana tilasta piston zuwa ƙasa, tsarin da aka sani da 'aiki'.

Gasoline Generator

Injin mai yana motsa janareta, yana mai da makamashin sinadari na man fetur zuwa makamashin lantarki. A cikin silinda na injin mai, cakuda man fetur da iska suna fuskantar konewa cikin sauri, wanda ke haifar da saurin faɗaɗa ƙarar da ke tilasta piston ƙasa, yana yin aiki.

A cikin duka injinan dizal da man fetur, kowane silinda yana aiki bi da bi cikin takamaiman tsari. Ƙarfin da aka yi akan fistan yana canzawa ta hanyar haɗin haɗin gwiwa zuwa ƙarfin juyawa, wanda ke motsa crankshaft. Jannata AC mai aiki tare mara goga, wanda aka ɗora shi tare da crankshaft na injin wuta, yana ba da damar jujjuyawar injin don fitar da rotor na janareta. Dangane da ka'idar shigar da wutar lantarki, janareta sannan yana samar da ƙarfin lantarki da aka jawo, yana haifar da halin yanzu ta hanyar da'irar ɗaukar nauyi.